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See also: History of Nottingham
In Anglo-Saxon times, around 600 AD[citation needed] the site formed part of the Kingdom of Mercia and was known in the Brythonic language as Tigguo Cobauc, meaning Place of Caves. In Welsh it is known poetically as Y Ty Ogofog, "The Cavey Dwelling".[6] When it fell under the rule of a Saxon chieftain named Snot it became known as "Snotingaham"; the homestead of Snot's people (Inga = the people of; Ham = homestead).[7] Snot brought together his people in an area now known as the Lace Market. Some authors derive "Nottingham" from Snottenga, caves, and ham, but "this has nothing to do with the English form".[8]
Nottingham was captured in 867 by Danish Vikings[citation needed] and later became one of the Five Burghs – or fortified towns – of The Danelaw.
In the 11th century Nottingham Castle was constructed on a sandstone outcrop by the River Leen. The Anglo-Saxon settlement developed into the English Borough of Nottingham and housed a Town Hall and Law Courts. A settlement also developed around the castle on the hill opposite and was the French borough supporting the Normans in the castle. Eventually, the space between was built on as the town grew and the Old Market Square became the focus of Nottingham several centuries later. On the return of Richard Coeur de Lion from the Crusades, the castle stood out in Prince John's favour. So, it was besieged by Richard, and after a sharp conflict, captured.[9]
By the 15th century, Nottingham had established itself as the centre of a thriving export trade in religious sculpture made from alabaster.[10] The town became a county corporate in 1449[11] giving it effective self-government, in the words of the charter, "for eternity". The Castle and Shire Hall were expressly excluded and technically remained as detached Parishes of Nottinghamshire.
The Adams Building in the Lace Market – a former lace warehouse
During the Industrial Revolution, much of Nottingham's prosperity was founded on the textile industry; in particular, Nottingham was an internationally important centre of lace manufacture. However, the rapid and poorly planned growth left Nottingham with the reputation of having the worst slums in the British Empire outside India.[citation needed] Residents of these slums rioted in 1831, in protest against the Duke of Newcastle's opposition to the Reform Act 1832, setting fire to his residence, Nottingham Castle.
In common with the UK textile industry as a whole, Nottingham's textile sector fell into headlong decline in the decades following World War II, as British manufacturers proved unable to compete on price or volume with the output of factories in the Far East and South Asia.[citation needed] Very little textile manufacture now takes place in Nottingham, but the city's heyday in this sector endowed it with some fine industrial buildings in the Lace Market district. Many of these have been restored and put to new uses.
Nottingham was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and at that time consisted of the parishes of Nottingham St Mary, Nottingham St Nicholas and Nottingham St Peter. It was expanded in 1877 by adding the parishes of Basford, Brewhouse Yard, Bulwell, Radford, Sneinton, Standard Hill and parts of the parishes of West Bridgford, Carlton, Wilford (North Wilford). In 1889 Nottingham became a county borough under the Local Government Act 1888. City status was awarded as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria, being signified in a letter from the Prime Minister the Marquess of Salisbury to the Mayor, dated 18 June 1897. Nottingham was extended in 1933 by adding Bilborough and Wollaton, parts of the parishes of Bestwood Park and Colwick, and a recently developed part of the Beeston Urban District. A further boundary extension was granted in 1951 when Clifton and Wilford (south of the River Trent) were incorporated into the city.[12][13]
Demographic evolution of Nottingham
Year
Population
4th century
<37
10th century
<1,000
11th century
1,500
14th century
3,000
Early 17th century
4,000
Year
Population
Late 17th century
5,000
1801
29,000
1811
34,000
1821
40,000
1831
51,000
Year
Population
1841
53,000
1851
58,000
1861
76,000
1871
87,000
1881
159,000
Year
Population
1901
240,000
1911
260,000
1921
269,000
1931
265,000
1951
306,000
Year
Population
1961
312,000
1971
301,000
1981
278,000
1991
273,000
2001
275,000
Electric trams revolutionised public transport in Nottingham on their inception in 1901; they served the city for 35 years until the trolleybus network was expanded in 1936. The city's road network was improved drastically between 1922 and 1932 when a new dual carriageway was built. Housing conditions also began to improve the city's poorer residents at this time, when the first council houses were built on new suburban estates to rehouse families from slum clearances. Mass private house building also took place, with the process continuing to boom until some 30 years after World War II ended in 1945. Trams made their comeback after 68 years when a new network opened in 2004.[14]
In the sporting world, one of Nottingham's biggest claims to fame is being home to the world's oldest professional football club, Notts County, which was formed in 1862, although the team's subsequent history has been relatively low profile. However Nottingham Forest, under manager Brian Clough, had a period of success between 1977 and 1993, winning the First Division, four League Cups, a UEFA Super Cup and two European Cups.[15] During this time Forest signed Trevor Francis, Britain's first £1million footballer, who joined the club in February 1979 from Birmingham City.[16]
Four years after Nottingham Forest's second European Cup success in 1984, ice dancers Torvill and Dean also affirmed Nottingham's place on the world sporting map with a superb Gold medal winning performance at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. The performance was the first and only since to obtain a perfect 6.0 score from all the judging panel, and shot them to international fame which still sees them feature weekly on prime-time national television series today.
During the second half of the 20th century Nottingham saw unprecidented urban growth with the development of new urban public and private housing estates and new urban centres, which have engulfed former rural villages such as Bilborough, Wollaton, Gedling and Bramcote. South of the river there has also been expansion with new areas such as Edwalton and West Bridgford, adding to Nottingham's urban sprawl. Although this growth slowed towards the end of the century, the modern pressures for more affordable and council housing is back on the political agenda and there is now pressure on the Green Belt which surrounds the city.
Recent years have seen Nottingham rise into the national spotlight for both positive and negative news. In the early 2000's Nottingham gained a reputation for gang warfare, and a series of high-profile public shootings gained Nottingham the unenviable nickname "Shottingham". However, strong growth in high-tech, educational and medical industries, as well as high profile innovative transport development such as the Nottingham Express Transit and the Workplace Parking Levy, have raised the national profile to one of an ambitious, modern city.
[edit] Tags:City,Trent Bridge,Wollaton Hall,Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem,Sovereign State,United Kingdom,Constituent Country,England,Region,East Midlands,Ceremonial County,Settled,Unitary Authority,Mps,Chris Leslie,Lab,Graham Allen,Lilian Greenwood,Time Zone,Greenwich Mean Time,Dst,British Summer Time,Utc+1,Ng,Area Code(s),Ghent,Harare,Karlsruhe,Ljubljana,Minsk,Ningbo,Timişoara,Romania,Ons Code,Iso 3166-2,/,Robin Hood,City Charter,Population,The Eighth Largest Urban Area,Larger Urban Zone,Anglo-saxon,Mercia,Brythonic,Place Of Caves,Vikings,Five Burghs,The Danelaw,Sandstone,River Leen,Castle,Richard Coeur De Lion,Crusades,John,Alabaster,County Corporate,Lace Market,Slums,British Empire,Duke Of Newcastle,Reform Act 1832,Bulwell,Sneinton,West Bridgford,County Borough,Local Government Act 1888,Bilborough,Wollaton,Colwick,Beeston Urban District,Council Houses,Notts County,Brian Clough,First Division,League Cups,Uefa Super Cup,European Cups,Trevor Francis,Birmingham City,Urban Sprawl,Elected,Uk Parliament,European Parliament,Lord Mayor,East Midlands Development Agency,Government Office East Midlands,East Midlands Ambulance Service,Councillors,Wards,Majority,Labour Party,Old Market Square,Constituency,Labour,Mp,Meps,Derek Clark,Ukip,Bill Newton Dunn,Liberal Democrat,Roger Helmer,Conservative,Emma Mcclarkin,Glenis Willmott,Suburbs,Hucknall,Ruddington,Ilkeston,Long Eaton,Gedling,Broxtowe,Rushcliffe,Ashfield,Erewash,Sheffield,Ripley,Heanor,Matlock,Mansfield,Newark-on-trent, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government | 2>
Nottingham is represented by three tiers of elected government: Nottingham City Council (local), UK Parliament (national), and European Parliament (Europe). The city also has a Lord Mayor; though now simply a ceremonial position, in the past the office carried considerable authority, with executive powers over the finances and affairs of the city council. In 2010 the Lord Mayor of Nottingham was Brian Grocock. In a city-wide referendum in May 2012, residents voted for Nottingham not to have a directly elected Mayor.
The city is the seat of regional government bodies, including the East Midlands Development Agency and Government Office East Midlands.
Emergency services are provided by Nottinghamshire Police, Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service and East Midlands Ambulance Service.
[edit] | Tags: Nottingham City Council | 3>
Nottingham Council House
It consists of 55 councillors, representing 20 wards. It is led by Jon Collins, of the majority Labour Party. It is elected every four years, the last elections being held on 5 May 2011. The council meets in Nottingham Council House in the Old Market Square.
[edit] | Tags: UK Parliament | 3>
Nottingham has three UK parliamentary constituency seats within its boundaries. Nottingham North has been represented since 1987 by Labour MP Graham Allen, Nottingham East since 2010 by Labour MP Chris Leslie and Nottingham South since 2010 by Labour MP Lilian Greenwood.
[edit] | Tags: European Parliament | 3>
Nottingham lies within the East Midlands European parliamentary constituency. In 2009 it elected five MEPs; Derek Clark (UKIP), Bill Newton Dunn (Liberal Democrat), Roger Helmer (Conservative), Emma McClarkin (Conservative) and Glenis Willmott (Labour).
[edit] | Tags: Geography | 2>
Nottingham is located at 52°58′00″N 01°10′00″W / 52.9666667°N 1.1666667°W / 52.9666667; -1.1666667 (52.9667,-1.1667).
The City of Nottingham's boundaries are tightly drawn and exclude several suburbs and satellite towns that are usually considered part of Greater Nottingham, including Arnold, Carlton, West Bridgford, Beeston and Stapleford. Outlying towns and villages include Hucknall, Eastwood, Tollerton, Bingham, Ruddington, Ilkeston and Long Eaton of which the last two are in Derbyshire. The geographical area of Greater Nottingham includes several local authorities: Gedling, Broxtowe, Rushcliffe, Ashfield, Erewash and Amber Valley.
Destinations from Nottingham
Sheffield, Ripley, Heanor, Matlock
Arnold, Hucknall, Mansfield
Gedling, Newark-on-Trent, Southwell, Lincoln
University of Nottingham, Beeston, Stapleford, Ilkeston, Wollaton, Derby, Stoke on Trent
Carlton, Grantham, Bingham
Nottingham
Long Eaton, East Midlands Airport, Tamworth, Birmingham
West Bridgford, Clifton, Ruddington, Edwalton, Leicester, Loughborough
Melton Mowbray, Oakham
Main article: List of places in Nottinghamshire
[edit] | Tags: Within the city | 3>
Alexandra Park
The Arboretum
Aspley
Bakersfield
Beechdale
Bilborough
Broxtowe
Bulwell
Bestwood
Bestwood Park
Carrington
Cinderhill
Clifton
Colwick
Dunkirk
Forest Fields
Highbury Vale
Hockley
Hyson Green
Lace Market
Lenton
Lenton Abbey
Mapperley
Mapperley Park
The Meadows
New Basford
Nottingham City Centre
Old Basford
The Park
Radford
Rise Park
Sherwood
Sherwood Rise
Silverdale
Sneinton
St Anns
Strelley
Thorneywood
Top Valley
Whitemoor
Wilford
Wollaton
[edit] | Tags: Around the city | 3>
Arnold
Attenborough
Beeston
Bingham
Bramcote
Bulcote
Burton Joyce
Calverton
Carlton
Chilwell
Cotgrave
Daybrook
Eastwood
East Leake
Edwalton
Gamston
Gedling
Giltbrook
Heanor
Holme Pierrepont
Hucknall
Ilkeston (Derbyshire)
Keyworth
Killisick
Kimberley
Kirkby-in-Ashfield
Lady Bay
Langley Mill (Derbyshire)
Lambley
Lenton
Long Eaton (Derbyshire)
Lowdham
Mansfield
Mapperley
Mapperley Plains
Netherfield
Nuthall
Radcliffe-on-Trent
Redhill
Ripley
Ruddington
Sandiacre (Derbyshire)
Sawley (Derbyshire)
Stapleford
Sutton-in-Ashfield
Toton
Trowell
West Bridgford
Woodthorpe
[edit] | Tags: Climate | 3>
Two official weather reporting stations are in close proximity to Nottingham - The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington agricultural campus, about 10 miles to the South West of the city centre, and Watnall, previously known as Nottingham Weather Centre, about 6 miles North West of the city centre. Sutton Bonington is perhaps more representative of the lower lying areas of the city such as the city centre, and southern suburbs around the river Trent, lying as it does only 48 m (147 ft) above sea level, while Watnall is perhaps more relevant to some of the hillier northern suburbs with an evelation of 117 m (384 ft).
The absolute maximum temperature at Watnall stands at 34.6 C (94.3 F)[17] whilst at Sutton Bonington it is 34.8 C (94.6 F)[18] Both occurred on 3 August 1990. 10.7 days annually will record a temperature of 25.1 C (77.2 F)[19] or above on average at Watnall (1971-00) and the warmest day of the year should reach 29.0c(84.2f)[20] for the same location.
For the period 1971-00 Watnall should record 44.3 days of air frost,[21] Sutton Bonington 47.9.[22] Also reflecting the lower frost tendency at Watnall is the absolute minimum temperature, a relatively high (for a inland location) -13.3c(8.1f), recorded in both January 1963[23] and January 1987.[24] Most recently, the temperature fell to -11.9c(10.6f)[25] during December 2010.
Climate data for Nottingham Watnall, elevation 117m, 1971-2000
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
13.5
(56.3)
17.3
(63.1)
22.8
(73.0)
25.6
(78.1)
27.6
(81.7)
30.8
(87.4)
32.4
(90.3)
34.6
(94.3)
28.9
(84.0)
28.4
(83.1)
17.9
(64.2)
14.7
(58.5)
34.6
(94.3)
Average high °C (°F)
6.3
(43.3)
6.7
(44.1)
9.4
(48.9)
11.8
(53.2)
15.7
(60.3)
18.4
(65.1)
21.1
(70.0)
20.8
(69.4)
17.5
(63.5)
13.4
(56.1)
9.2
(48.6)
7.1
(44.8)
13.2
(55.8)
Average low °C (°F)
1.0
(33.8)
0.9
(33.6)
2.5
(36.5)
3.9
(39.0)
6.6
(43.9)
9.5
(49.1)
11.8
(53.2)
11.6
(52.9)
9.5
(49.1)
6.7
(44.1)
3.5
(38.3)
1.9
(35.4)
5.8
(42.4)
Record low °C (°F)
−13.3
(8.1)
−11.1
(12.0)
−10.6
(12.9)
−4.6
(23.7)
−2.1
(28.2)
1.0
(33.8)
4.4
(39.9)
4.5
(40.1)
0.9
(33.6)
−3.1
(26.4)
−9.2
(15.4)
−11.9
(10.6)
−13.3
(8.1)
Precipitation mm (inches)
64.82
(2.552)
51.11
(2.0122)
54.19
(2.1335)
52.11
(2.0516)
49.84
(1.9622)
61.13
(2.4067)
52.03
(2.0484)
57.04
(2.2457)
59.88
(2.3575)
64.48
(2.5386)
63.18
(2.4874)
70.85
(2.7894)
714.42
(28.1268)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
50
61
93
128
179
170
185
177
124
94
61
42
1,364
Source no. 1: YR.NO[26]
Source no. 2: KNMI[27]
Climate data for Sutton Bonington, elevation 48m, 1971-2000
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °C (°F)
6.9
(44.4)
7.2
(45.0)
9.8
(49.6)
12.1
(53.8)
15.8
(60.4)
18.6
(65.5)
21.3
(70.3)
21.1
(70.0)
17.9
(64.2)
13.9
(57.0)
9.7
(49.5)
7.6
(45.7)
13.5
(56.3)
Average low °C (°F)
1.2
(34.2)
1.2
(34.2)
2.7
(36.9)
3.8
(38.8)
6.3
(43.3)
9.2
(48.6)
11.4
(52.5)
11.3
(52.3)
9.5
(49.1)
6.7
(44.1)
3.7
(38.7)
2.1
(35.8)
5.8
(42.4)
Precipitation mm (inches)
54.8
(2.157)
42.7
(1.681)
45.3
(1.783)
46.6
(1.835)
42.4
(1.669)
60.8
(2.394)
43.8
(1.724)
51.0
(2.008)
52.5
(2.067)
54.0
(2.126)
53.0
(2.087)
59.3
(2.335)
606.2
(23.866)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
50.5
64.7
100.4
133.5
179.2
157.5
185.1
180.4
132.6
102.0
61.2
40.9
1,388.0
Source: Met Office[28]
[edit] | Tags: Architecture | 2>
King Street with Alfred Waterhouse's and Watson Fothergill's buildings
The Prudential Building
Architecture from different eras side by side
Nottingham Council House and Queen Street
Nottingham is home to a multitude of different architectural styles, with buildings dating from the 1100s.[citation needed] Architects such as Alfred Waterhouse, Thomas Chambers Hine and Nottingham's own Watson Fothergill produced elaborate buildings in the 19th century to meet the expansion generated by increasing industrial output.
The geographical centre of Nottingham is usually defined as the Old Market Square, the largest city square in the UK. The square is dominated by the Council House, which replaced The Nottingham Exchange Building, built in 1726. The Council House was built in the 1920s to display civic pride, ostentatiously using baroque columns and placing stone statues of two lions at the front to stand watch over the square. The Exchange Arcade, on the ground floor, is an upmarket shopping centre containing high-end boutiques. Portland Stone was used to construct the Council House and Exchange Arcade.
[edit] | Tags: West of the centre | 3>
Nottingham Trent University, Arkwright Building
The western third of the city has most of the city's modern office complexes.[citation needed] Tall office buildings line Maid Marian Way. The Georgian area around Oxford and Regent Streets is dominated by small professional firms. The Albert Hall faces the Gothic revival St Barnabas' Cathedral by Pugin. Nottingham Castle and its grounds are located further south in the western third of the city. The central third descends from the University district in the north, past Nottingham Trent University's Gothic revival Arkwright Building. The University also owns many other buildings in this area. The Theatre Royal on Theatre Square, with its pillared façade, was built in 1865. King and Queen Streets are home to striking Victorian buildings designed by the likes of Alfred Waterhouse and Watson Fothergill.
[edit] | Tags: South of the centre | 3>
To the south, is Broadmarsh Shopping Centre. The Canal-side further south of this is adjacent to Nottingham railway station and home to numerous redeveloped 19th Century industrial buildings reused, as bars and restaurants.
[edit] | Tags: East of the centre | 3>
The eastern third of the city centre contains the Victoria Shopping Centre, built in the 1970s on the site of the demolished Victoria Railway Station. All that remains of the old station is the clock tower and the station hotel, now the Nottingham Hilton Hotel. The 250 feet-high Victoria Centre flats stand above the shopping centre and are the tallest buildings in the city. The eastern third contains Hockley Village. Hockley is where many of Nottingham's unique, independent shops are to be found. It is also home to two alternative cinemas. The Screen Room in Hockley claims to be the smallest cinema in the world with only 21 seats.
[edit] | Tags: Lace Market | 3>
The Lace Market area just south of Hockley has densely packed streets full of four to seven-story red brick warehouses, ornate iron railings and red phone boxes.
The University of Nottingham, founded in 1798, situated in Highfields Park
Typical red brick lined street in the Lace Market
St Mary's church in the Lace Market
New College Nottingham occupies the Adams Building, built by Thomas Chambers Hine for Thomas Adams (1817–1873). Many buildings have been converted into apartments, bars and restaurants. St. Mary's Church, Nottingham on High Pavement is the largest medieval building still standing in Nottingham. The Georgian-built Shire Hall is home to the Galleries of Justice and was Nottingham's main court and prison building, for 200 years from 1780, although the site's use as a court stretches back as far as 1375.
Galleries of Justice in the Lace Market
[edit] | Tags: Pubs | 3>
Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem, partially built into the cave system beneath Nottingham Castle, is a contender for the title of "England's Oldest Pub" due to its supposed establishment in 1189. The Bell Inn on the Old Market Square, and Ye Olde Salutation Inn on Maid Marian Way, have both disputed this claim. An episode of the Channel 4 TV documentary series History Hunters tested attributes of the three claimants and found that, while each has its own evidence, none can claim exclusivity. The Trip, whilst the oldest building, was for most of its early life a brewery and not a public house. The "Salutation" sits on the oldest recognised public house site, but the current building is comparatively recent. "The Bell Inn", although not in such an antiquated location, boasts the oldest public house building. There is also conflicting information available: dendrochronology from roof timbers in the "Salutation" give a date for the building of c. 1420 with similar dates for the "Bell". Ultimately, the roots of the multiple claims can be traced to various subtleties of definition in terms such as public house and inn.
[edit] | Tags: Secondary education | 3>
Nottingham's state schools consistently rank poorly in national league tables. Despite a lot of investment, the closure of numerous schools and the opening of new city academies, Nottingham City LEA remains near the bottom of the league tables at both primary school and secondary school levels. However, there are some exceptions with Secondary schools such as Rushcliffe School and George Spencer Academy attaining a 100% GCSE pass rate in 2010-2011, with the latter receiving an "Outstanding" Ofsted Report in 2010. At primary level, Nottingham was ranked fourth from bottom in the country, at 147th out of 150 local authorities rated in 2006,[29] whilst at secondary level, Nottingham came eighth from bottom nationally in terms of GCSE results attained.[30]
Nottingham also has a number of independent schools, with Nottingham High School, which was founded in 1513, being the city's oldest educational establishment by far. Nottingham High School came eighth nationally for A-Levels in 2008 according to the Sunday Times.
[edit] | Tags: Further education | 3>
Four further education colleges are located in Nottingham. Castle College is the largest and was formed from the merger of Broxtowe College and The People's College, Nottingham. New College Nottingham is the result of the merger of four smaller further education colleges, whilst Bilborough College is solely a Sixth Form college. South Nottingham College also has a campus in the city centre.
Typical red brick lined street in the Lace Market
[edit] | Tags: Higher education | 3>
Nottingham is home to two universities: the University of Nottingham (formerly University College Nottingham), and Nottingham Trent University, (formerly Trent Polytechnic), centred on Burton Street in the City. Together they are attended by over 40,000 full-time students. The University of Nottingham's teaching hospital, University of Nottingham Medical School, is part of the largest hospital in the UK, the Queen's Medical Centre (or QMC). There is also a large college, Victoria College Nottingham, primarily teaching foreign students, and the city is home to the headquarters of the National College for School Leadership.
[edit] | Tags: Economy | 2>
Part of the HMRC complex in Nottingham
Nottingham is home to the headquarters of many well-known companies. One of the best known is Boots the Chemists (now Alliance Boots), founded in the city by John Boot in 1849 and substantially expanded by his son Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent and grandson John Boot, 2nd Baron Trent into a retail company known throughout the world. Other large current employers include the credit reference agency Experian, the energy company E.ON UK, the tobacco company John Player & Sons, betting company Gala Group, amusement and gambling machine manufacturer Bell-Fruit-Games, engineering company Siemens, sportswear manufacturers Speedo, high street opticians Vision Express, games and publishing company Games Workshop (creator of the popular Warhammer series), PC software developer Serif Europe (publisher of PagePlus and other titles), Web hosting provider Heart Internet, the American credit card company Capital One, whose European offices are situated by the side of Nottingham railway station. Nottingham is also the home of HM Revenue and Customs, the Driving Standards Agency, and Nottingham Building Society, set up in 1849.
Although Boots itself is no longer a research-based pharmaceutical company, a combination of former Boots researchers and university spin-off companies have spawned a thriving pharmaceutical/science/biotechnology sector. BioCity, the UK's biggest bioscience innovation and incubation centre, sits in the heart of the city and houses around seventy science-based companies. Other notable companies in the sector include Perceptive Informatics (ClinPhone plc before being bought by Parexel) and Pharmaceutical Profiles. The city was made one of the UK's six Science Cities[31] in 2005 by the then Chancellor Gordon Brown.
Until recently bicycle manufacturing was a major industry, the city being the birthplace of Raleigh Cycles in 1886 and later joined by Sturmey-Archer, the creator of 3-speed hub gears. However, Raleigh's factory on Triumph Road, famous as the location for the filming of Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, was demolished in Summer 2003 to make way for the University of Nottingham's expansion of Jubilee Campus. However the bicycles are still designed and assembled close to Nottingham in Eastwood, and still bare the city's name on its logo.
Nottingham is also birthplace of, and joint headquarters of Paul Smith, the high fashion house.
Creative Industries are a target growth sector for the city[32] with graphic design, interiors and textile design being a particular focus. There is already a thriving design and new media industry in the city.
Nottingham City Council announced that other target sectors include Financial and Business Services, Science and Technology, Public Sector and Retail and Leisure as part of their economic development strategy for the city.[citation needed][33] The global Business SMS company Esendex was founded in the Lace Market district and now operates in 6 markets across the world. Ceramics manufacturer Mason Cash was founded and continues to have operations in Nottingham.
The schools and aerial photographers, H Tempest Ltd were Nottingham-based for many years, until relocating to St. Ives (Cornwall) around 1960. A skeleton office remained for many years in the original building next to Mundella School.
Many of the UK's railway ticket machines and platform departure boards run software written by Atos Origin in their offices in Nottingham. Other major industries in the city include engineering, textiles, knitwear and electronics. An increasing number of software developers are located in Nottingham: Reuters, Crytek UK and Monumental Games are based in the city centre, and Serif Europe are based between Wilford and Ruddington, south west of the Trent and east of Clifton.
Nottingham is progressively changing from an industrial city to one based largely in the service sector. Tourism — particularly from the United States and the Far East — is becoming an increasingly significant part of the local economy.[citation needed]
In 2004 Nottingham had a GDP per capita of £24,238 (US$48,287, €35,529), which was the highest of any English city after London, and the fourth highest of any city of the UK, after London, Edinburgh and Belfast.[34]
Economic trends
Year
Regional Gross
Value Added (£m)
Agriculture
(£m)
Industry
(£m)
Services
(£m)
1995
4,149
2
1,292
2,855
2000
5,048
1
912
4,135
2003
5,796
–
967
4,828
source: Office for National Statistics
[edit] | Tags: Shopping | 3>
The Exchange Arcade inside the Council House
In 2010, Nottingham was positioned sixth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK, behind the West End of London, Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool.[35]
There are two main shopping centres in Nottingham: Victoria Centre and Westfield Broadmarsh. The Victoria Centre was established on the site of the former Nottingham Victoria railway station, and was the first to be built in the City, with parking for up to 2,400 cars on several levels and two levels of shopping with bus station. Victoria Centre is also topped by 26 floors of flats, the tallest building in Nottingham. Work on redeveloping Westfield Broadmarsh at a cost of £400 million (creating 400 stores, 136,000 m2 of shopping space) was due to start in 2008. However, the downturn in the economy meant that redevelopment was delayed throughout from 2008 to 2010. Finally in 2010, Westfield announced that it would not be redeveloped but would benefit from a $40 million refurbishment instead[citation needed]. Months after this announcement, the Victoria Centre also announced plans for expansion, to compete with new centres in Derby and Leicester[citation needed]. In 2011, in light of the Victoria Centre's redevelopment plans, Westfield announced that it was once again planning a £500 million development which is planned to start in 2012. Smaller shopping centres are The Exchange Arcade, the Flying Horse Walk and new developments in Trinity Square and The Pod. The new developments will increase the shopping sales area in the city centre by 28% to 4,300,000 square feet (400,000 m2). The Bridlesmith Gate area has numerous designer shops, and is the home of the original Paul Smith boutique. There are also various side streets and alleys that hide some interesting and often overlooked buildings and shops – streets such as Poultry Walk, West End Arcade and Hurts Yard. These are home to many specialist shops, as is Derby Road, near the Cathedral and once the antiques area but now home to some the city's most interesting independent shops.
Nottingham has a number of department stores including the House of Fraser, John Lewis, and Debenhams. Hockley Village caters to alternative tastes with shops like 'Ice Nine', 'Void' and 'Fuzz Guitar Boutique', famous across the city.
[edit] | Tags: Theatres | 3>
Nottingham has two large-capacity theatres, the Nottingham Playhouse and the Theatre Royal (which, together with the neighbouring Nottingham Royal Concert Hall forms the Royal Centre) and a smaller theatre space at the University of Nottingham's Lakeside Arts Centre. The city is also host to smaller theatre venues, such as the Nottingham Arts Theatre and the Lace Market Theatre. Also, within the University of Nottingham Campus grounds, the New Theatre, the only entirely student-run theatre in England.
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